Volume 63 No.3 - 2017-09-30

A Critical Review of the Policies of Academic Dismissal from University

大學學業退學制度的批判與反思

Author：
One-Soon, Her、Jun-Ru, Lin / 何萬順、林俊儒
Keyword：
academic dismissal, Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 563, university autonomy, reasonable and appropriate, academic achievements / 學業退學、釋字563號、大學自治、合理妥適、學業成就
  • Summary
  • Chinese Summary
  • Reference
  • Scholarly references
Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 563 has made clear that the policies of academic dismissal from university are within the rights of university autonomy. However, as such policies do violate students’ right to education, the Constitutional Court requires these policies be ‘reasonable and appropriate’ and their making and implementation follow ‘due process of law’. Based on these requirements, this paper examines the rules of academic dismissal implemented by three of the top universities in Taiwan, namely, National Taiwan University, National Chengchi University, and National Tsing Hua University, and demonstrates that, due to the logical flaws in their basic design and assumptions, these rules are far from being ‘reasonable or appropriate’, and are therefore likely to be judged as problematic in court. We further argue that the enforcement of these rules, which have been made less and less stringent in recent years, not only fails to serve the purpose of upholding the standard of student academic performance, but also constitutes a form of maltreatment and persecution of disadvantaged students. We then discuss the misguided values and beliefs underlying such policies. This paper thus concludes that the current policies should be abolished and replaced with more constructive measures.
釋字563號揭示退學制度屬大學自治，惟退學侵害學生基本權甚鉅，大法官因此要求其內容應「合理妥適」、制定及執行須符合「正當法律程序」。本文以「合理妥適」作為檢視現行學業退學制度之一貫標準。在此大學自治內部界限的要求下，本文以國立台灣大學、國立政治大學及國立清華大學學則作為檢證標的，認為學業退學制度有違此內部界限，規範性分析上存有疑慮。就合理性而言，該制度設計在理論上亦有諸多缺失。在實務運作上，雖然大學之學業退學規定日益寬鬆，但此舉並無助於學習品質的提升，依然是對成績不佳遭退學學生的不當壓迫。而此制度之持續存在，係由若干迷思所導致。基於本文立論，現行學業退學制度並非「合理妥適」，應予廢除。本文並且對於取代學業退學制度的積極措施提出建議。

王秀餽、黃金俊（2010）。擇其所愛、愛其所擇：從自我決定理論看大學多元入學制度中學生的科系選擇與學習成果。教育科學研究期刊，55（2），1-27。

[Wang, S-K; Huang, J-J (2010). The application of self-determination theory on students’ career choice and learning outcomes under the multiple college admission system. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(2), 1-27.]

王春展、潘婉瑜（2006）。大學生的生活壓力與其因應策略。嘉南學報，32，469-483。

[Wang, C-Z; Pan, W-Y (2006). A survey of life stress and coping strategy of colleges students. Chia Nan Annual Bulletin, 32, 469-483]

朱真楷、葉芷妘（2011，11月25日）。女學生的淚台師大取消二一退學。中國時報。

[Zhu, Z-K;Ye, Z-Y (2011/11/25). The tears of a female student bringing down the academic dismissal policy at National Taiwan Normanl University. China Times]

朱慧萍、饒夢霞（2000）。大學轉變科系學生生涯決定歷程。教育心理學報， 32（1），41-65。

[Chu H-P, Rau M-S (2000). A Qualitative Research of Career Decision Making Process of CollegeStudents Who Changed Their Majors, Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 32(1), 41-65.]

何萬順、廖元豪、蔣侃學（2014）。論現行大學英語畢業門檻的適法性：以政大法規為實例的論證。政大法學評論，139，1-64。

[Her, O-S; Liao, Y-H; Chiang K-H (2014). On the Legality of Taiwan Universities' English Graduation Benchmark Enforcement Rules: A Case Study of National Chengchi University. Chengchi Law Review, 139, 1-64.]

李家同（1998，9月15日）為什麼靜宜大學要更嚴把關。聯合副刊。

[Lee, J-T (1998/9/15) Why should Providence University be more strict. United Daily News supplement.]

李惠宗（2014）。教育行政法要義。臺北市：元照。

[Lee, H-Z (2014). The administrative law of education. Taipei, Taiwan: Angle.]

沈育如（2014，6月15日）。台師大取消退學被當人數沒增加。聯合新聞網。

[Shen, Y-R (2014/6/15). No increase of students failing courses after the canceling of academic dismissal at National Taiwan Normanl University. UDN.com.]

林明鏘（2001）。大學自治與法律保留－評台北高等行政法院89年度訴字第1833號判決（世新大學二一退學處分案）。月旦法學雜誌，77，162-170。

[Lin, M-C (2001). University Self-Administration and The Principle of Legal Reservation –Highest Administrative Court Verdict No.1833 "Year 89 Suit Tzu" as a Core Research (The case of Academic Dismissal from Shih Hsin University). The Taiwan Law Review, 77, 162-170.]

胡清暉（2011，11月25日）。頂大首見～台師大取消雙二一退學制度。自由時報。

[Hu C-H (2011/11/25). The first among top universities: Taiwan Normal University abolishing academic dismissal. Liberty Times.]

洪寶蓮（2001）。影響大學生學業學習之因素探討。通識教育年刊，3，7-27。

[Hong, B-L (2001). The study on the element of academic learning impact in college students. Journal of General Education, 3, 7-27.]

徐明珠（2001）。大學二一退學制問題之探究。國家政策論壇，1（8），164-169。

[Hsu M-C (2011). On the issues concering the ‘two-one’ academic dismissal. National Policy Forum, 1(8), 164-169]

陳智華（2015，9月8日）。二一退學鬆綁 快成歷史名詞。聯合新聞網。

[Chen C-H (2015/9/8).The ‘two-one’ academic dismissal soon to be history. UDN.com.]

許春鎮（2008）。從大學自治之本質論退學制度－兼評大法官釋字五六三號解釋。思與言，46（4），105-174。

[Hsu, C-Z (2008). A Study on the Institution of Expulsion from the Essence of University Self-Administration also Comment on Judicial Yuan Interpretation No.563. Thought and Words: Journal of the Humanities and Social Science, 46(4), 105-174.]

許雅玲（2016）。104學年原住民教育概況分析。教育部統計處，取自：http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/analysis/104native.pdf

[Hsu, Y-L(2016). The analyzation of aboriginal education in 104 semester. The bureau of Statistics in the ministery of Education. Retrieved from http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/analysis/104native.pdf ]

許育典（2013）。法治國與教育行政：以人的自我實現為核心的教育法（二版）。臺北市：元照。

[Hsu ,Y-T (2013). Legal state and educational administration: Educational Law of self-fulfillment (2nd edition). Taipei, Taiwan: Angle.]

曾意芳（1998，10月27日）。大學退學標準各校寬緊不一。中央日報。

[Tseng Y-F (1998/10/27). Universities’ academic dismissal policies vary greatly. Central Daily News.]

馮靖惠（2017，5月2日）。教部擬推開放式大學 免筆試、無年限、有學位。聯合新聞網。

[Feng, J-H (2017/5/2). Ministry of education will adress the Open University without written test and fixed year. UDN.com.]

黃昭元（2002）。二一退學制度的憲法爭議。新世紀經濟法制之建構與挑戰：廖義男教授六秩誕辰祝壽論文集（頁81-125）。臺北市：元照。

[Hung, Z-Y (2002). The constituional issues on Academic Dismissal. The Volume of thesisto express birthday good wishes to Prof. Yih-nan Liaw: The economic law construction and challenges on New century, 81-125. Taipei, Taiwan: Angle.]

黃錦堂、張文哲（2011）。大學自治與兩種法律保留原則－釋字第563、626與684號解釋評析。法令月刊，62（6），13-30。

[Hung, J-T., & Zhang, W-Z (2011). The principle of university autonomy and two kinds of principle of legal reservation- On Judicial Yuan No. 563, 626 and 684. The Law Monthly, 62(6), 13-30.]

黃耀南（2003）。大學自治、退學處分與法律保留原則、比例原則之探討──最高行政法院九十一年判字第三四四號、四六七號判決為中心並兼評司法院大法官會議釋字第五六三號解釋。社會科教育研究，8，197-222。

[Huan, Y-N (2003). A probe into university autonomy, dismissal from university, preservation principle and percentage principle of law--Highest Administrative Court Verdict No.344 "Year 91 Pan Tzu" and No.467 "Year 91 Pan Tzu" as a core research and a commentary on Grand Justice's Exploitation No. 563 "Shi Tzu" of The Judiciary. The Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8, 197-222.]

楊孟麗（2005）。教育成就的價值與青少年的心理健康。中華心理衛生學刊。18（2），75-99。

[Yang, M-L (2005). The value of educational achievement and adolescents' mental Health. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 18(2), 75-99.]

潘正德（1996）。大一新生人格特質、生活適應與學業成績的關係暨相關因素之研究。中原學報，24（2），35-51。

[Pan, C-D (1996). A study of the relationships among personality trait, adjustment, and achievement of university freshmen. Chung Yuan Journal, 24(2), 35-51.]

鄭語謙（2016，12月9日）。大學原住民退學率是一般生2倍 多因經濟休學。聯合新聞網。

[Zheng, Y-Q (2016/12/9). The rate of dimissal of aboriginal students from universities is twice that of other students, due mostlt to financial reasons. UDN.com.]

魏琦芳、黃毅志（2011）。學業成就與心理健康因果順序的貫時性分析：以TEPS資料做分析。中華心理衛生學刊。24（1），97-130。

[Wei, C-F., & Hung, I-Z (2011). A Longitudinal study on the sequence of cause and effect between academic achievement and mental health: Using data from the TEPS. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 24(1), 97-130.]

嚴文廷（2011，11月24日）。全台唯一 台師大將廢除退學制度。聯合晚報。

[Yan W-T (2011/11/24). Taiwan Normal University soon to be the only university to abolish academic dismissal. United Evening News.]

譚九生（2009）。論退學處理行為的司法審查——以學業原因為視角，湖南大學學報。23（4），121-125。

[Tan J-S (2009). On judicial review of the actions of academic dismissal, from the perspective of academic reasons, Journal of Hunan University, 23(4), 121-125.]

蘇鈺茵（2013）。我國大學繁星計畫執行情形及其學生入學適應問題之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。淡江大學，新北市。

[Su,Y-I (2013). A study on the "Multi-Star Project" of the university entrance system and adjustment of students entering universities through this project in Taiwan (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.]

Atiq, E. H (2014). Why motives matter: Reframing the crowding out effect of legal incentives. The Yale Law Journal, 123(4), 1070–1116.

Barbara L. McCombs (2000). Reducing the achievement gap. Society, 37(5), 29-39.

Carole A. Ames (1990). Motivation: What teachers need to know. Teachers College Record, 91, 409-421.

Manwani, Srivastava, Saxena (1981). Study habit, adjustment and anxiety among Scheduled and nonscheduled caste sutdents. Indian Psychological Review, 20(4), 43-46.

Grindle, Christopher Carl (2009). An analysis of court cases involving student due process in dismissal from higher education. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Alabama.


EndNote
下載可匯入格式