Bulletin of Educational Research Manuscript Format

For the manuscript writing style of submissions in Chinese, please refer to Ed Style published by Yeh Book Gallery; for English, please refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition), published by the American Psychological Association (APA). For further information, please refer to the "Reference List Style" and "Writing Format FAQ" on the journal’s website (http://bulletin-en.ed.ntnu.edu.tw). A brief summary of the principles to be applied to the format of the main text, citations, references, and tables and figures is provided below.

I.         Main Text

· Before submitting the manuscript, ensure that the grammar of the English abstract or manuscript is correct, and that the sentences flow smoothly and coherently.

· The headings in the main text should be numbered in order; for example: I. Introduction; II. Research Methodology; III. Research Results; IV. Discussion; V. Conclusion.

· The sub-headings in the main text should also be numbered according to sequence; for example: One, 1, (1), a, (a), etc.

· All personal names should appear in their original form. The initials of the given names are required the first time the name is cited; e.g., “J. Dewey” for the initial citation, and simply “Dewey” afterwards.

· The appendix should be placed after the reference list.

· Please refer to the "Paper Submission Guidelines" for the respective manuscript word counts in Chinese and English, as well as the writing principles for the body of the text. 

II.       Citations

· The citations used in the body of the text must be consistent with the reference list.

· When three to five authors are cited, all names must be written out the first time; for example, the initial citation should read: “Xie Wen-quan, Lin Xin-fa, Zhang De-rui, Zhang Ming-hui (1985) proposed . . .” For subsequent citations, only the first author needs to be named; for example: “Xie et al. (1985) proposed . . .”

· When six or more authors are cited, only the first author needs to be named, even if it is the first time; for example: “Robbins et al. (1960)”; and “Wu Wu-dian et al. (1972).”

· If different works by the same author are cited, use commas to separate the different years of publication; for example: Yang Shen-keng (1985, 1988, 1990).

· When citing sources, cite Chinese names first, followed by non-Chinese names; e.g., (Wang Qiu-rong, 1990; Li Feng-ru, 2003; Freire, 1975; Giroux, 1988).

· If the cited work is an English translation, use a forward slash "/" to separate the publication years of the original and translation; for example: (Beck, 1981/1999).

· For all quotations, the page number must also be included; if the quoted passage is more than 40 words in length, place it in a new paragraph with indented left and right margins.

· For citations in Chinese, use full-width punctuation; in English, use half-width punctuation.

· For more details on citation style, please refer to Ed Style or the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition). 

III.     References

· The reference list should be arranged according to the number of strokes (Chinese) and English alphabetical order (non-Chinese).

· For references in English from the US which include place of publication, please include the abbreviation of the state in which the item was published. If the location is a major US city, such as New York or Chicago, the abbreviated name of the state is not required.

· If the references in English are from countries other than the US, please indicate the name of the city and country. If it is a well-known major city, such as Paris, only the city name needs to be indicated.

· For Chinese references, use bold font for book titles, edited book titles, and names of journals, as well as their volume and issue number.

· For English references, use italics for book titles, edited book titles, and names of journals, as well as their volume and issue number.

· For more details on the style of the reference list, please refer to the "Reference List Style" and "Writing Format FAQ" provided on the journal website.

IV.     Figures and Tables

· The title of each table should be placed above the table; "note" and "source" should be placed beneath the table.

· The title of each figure should be placed above the figure; "note" and "source" should be placed beneath the figure.

· Attribution of the source is not required for figures and tables which are created or arranged by the author.

· If the table or figure is too blurry to be read properly, due to being scanned or other causes, please re-create them in such a way that they are clear and easy to read.

If there are any questions on the required manuscript style, please email us at: edber@deps.ntnu.edu.tw.