Volume 70 No.2（Open Access） - 2024-06-30

Investigating Teacher’s Practice of Enlightenment From Jacques Rancière’s Perspective on Intellectual Emancipation

由J. Rancière知性解放觀點論教師的啟蒙實踐

Author：
Chan-Yu Kuo / 郭展有
Keyword：
J. Rancière, equality of intelligence, intellectual emancipation, enlightenment, universal teaching / Rancière、知性平等、知性解放、啟蒙、普遍教學
  • Summary
  • Chinese Summary
  • Reference
  • Scholarly references
In his book The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation, the contemporary French thinker J. Rancière presents a perspective on intellectual emancipation that differs from traditional educational discourse through a reexamination of J. Jacotot’s universal teaching. Unlike the model that relies on knowledgeable individuals imparting knowledge to gradually improve the ignorant, he advocates that teachers start from the equality of intelligence with their students. This approach allows students to break free from their dependence on higher intellect and affirm their capacity as something shared by all. In this article, the author attempts to connect this viewpoint with the concept of I. Kant’s “enlightenment,” particularly M. Foucault’s interpretation of this concept. The discussion explores how Rancière’s teaching perspective enables teachers to encourage students to overcome laziness and cowardice in the use of their intellectual capacities during the teaching process. It transgresses the current structure of guidance and being guided, practicing the motto of enlightenment, “Sapere aude!” in a way that breaks through the dialectics of enlightenment.
當代法國思想家J. Rancière於《無知的教師：知性解放的五堂課》（The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation）一書中，藉由重訪J. Jacotot的普遍教學，向我們展示了一不同於傳統教育論述的知性解放洞見。有別於讓無知者依賴有知者傳遞知識，藉以逐漸進步的模式，Rancière主張教師可從師生雙方具有平等知性的起點出發，使學生打破對高等知性的仰仗，並肯定自身為所有人所共有的能力。筆者於本文試圖將此觀點進一步扣連於「啟蒙」概念—基於I. Kant，特別是M. Foucault詮釋下Kant之「啟蒙」—來申論Rancière之教學見解，如何使教師在教學中，得以激發學生擺脫對自身知性能力運用的懶惰與怯懦，逾越由指導與被指導之配置結構所範限的當下，並以一種突破啟蒙辯證的方式，實踐「勇於求知」之啟蒙的格言。

Althusser, L. (1964). Problèmes étudiants [Student problems]. La Nouvelle Critique, 152, 80-

　　111.

Aristotle. (1998). Politics (C. D. C. Reeve, Trans.). Hackett.

Etymonline. (n.d.). Infant. In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved September 2, 2023, from

　　https://www.etymonline.com/word/infant

Foucault, M. (1979). Vivre autrement le temps [Living differently over time]. http://1libertaire.

　　free.fr/MFoucault314.html

Foucault, M. (1986). Kant on enlightenment and revolution. Economy and Society, 15(1), 88-96.

　　https://doi.org/10.1080/03085148600000016

Foucault, M. (1990). Qu’est-ce que la critique? [What is critique?]. Bulletin de la société

　　française de philosophie, 84(2), 35-63.

Foucault, M. (1994). Qu’est-ce que les lumières? [What is enlightenment?]. In Dits et écrits

　　1954-1988, tome 4 1980-1988 (pp. 562-578). Gallimard. (Original work published 1984)

Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (2002). Dialectic of enlightenment: Philosophical fragments

　　(E. Jephcott, Trans.). Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1947)

Kant, I. (1803). Über Pädagogik [On education]. Friedrich Nicolovius.

Kant, I. (1912). Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht [Anthropology from a pragmatic point

　　of view]. F. Meiner.

Kant, I. (2004). Was ist Aufklärung? [What is enlightenment?]. Utopie kreativ, 159, 5-10. https://

　　www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/159_kant.pdf (Original work published 1784)

Rancière, J. (1973). Mode d’emploi pour une réédition de “Lire le Capital” [How to use “Lire

　　le Capital”]. Horlieu éditions. https://horlieu-editions.com/introuvables/politique/ranciere-

　　mode-d’emploi-pour-une-reedition-de-lire-le-capital.pdf

Rancière, J. (1987). Le maître ignorant: Cinq leçons sur l’émancipation intellectuelle [The

　　ignorant schoolmaster: Five lessons in intellectual emancipation]. Éditions Fayard.

Rancière, J. (1995). La mesentente: Politique et philosophie [Disagreement: Politics and

　　philosophy]. Galilee.

Rancière, J. (2002). Sur “Le maitre ignorant” [On “The ignorant schoolmaster”]. Multitudes.

　　https://www.multitudes.net/Sur-Le-maitre-ignorant/

Rancière, J. (2005a). L’actualité du “Maître ignorant”: Entretien avec Jacques Rancière [The

　　actuality of “The ignorant schoolmaster”: Interview with Jacques Rancière]. Le Télémaque,

　　27, 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3917/tele.027.0021

Rancière, J. (2005b). La haine de la démocratie [Hatred of democracy]. La Fabrique Éditions.

Rancière, J. (2008). Le spectateur émancipé [The emancipated spectator]. La Fabrique Éditions.

Rancière, J. (2016). Un-What? In A. Seery & E. Dunne (Eds.), The pedagogics of unlearning (pp.

　　25-46). Punctum Books.

Rancière, J. (2017). Althusser’s lesson (B. Emiliano, Trans.). Bloomsbury Academic. (Original

　　work published 1974)

Rousseau, J.-J. (1848). Émile, ou De l’éducation [Emile, or On education]. Charpentier.

Full Text Download


EndNote
下載可匯入格式